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Chapter 7: Evolution

NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 10 Biology — 19 solved questions with detailed explanations.

19

Questions

0

Topics

Solved Questions

Q1. Darwin's theory of natural selection is based on:

Inheritance of acquired characters
Survival of the fittest
Use and disuse
Mutation theory

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Natural Selection

Solution

Natural selection: organisms with favorable variations survive and reproduce more (survival of the fittest).

Q2. The theory of chemical evolution was proposed by:

Darwin
Oparin and Haldane
Lamarck
Hugo de Vries

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Origin of Life

Solution

Oparin (1924) and Haldane independently proposed that life originated from chemical evolution in the primordial soup.

Q3. Analogous organs indicate:

divergent evolution
convergent evolution
parallel evolution
no evolution

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

convergent evolution.

Q4. Vestigial organs in humans include:

heart, lungs
kidneys, stomach
brain, liver
appendix, wisdom teeth

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

appendix, wisdom teeth.

Q5. Embryological evidence for evolution shows:

different embryos
no similarity
only in mammals
similar embryo stages across vertebrates

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

similar embryo stages across vertebrates.

Q6. Biogeography studies:

distribution of species across regions
molecular biology
genetics
cell structure

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

distribution of species across regions.

Q7. Bottleneck effect occurs when:

migration occurs
mutation stops
population drastically reduces
population increases

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

population drastically reduces.

Q8. Industrial melanism is an example of:

stabilizing selection
directional selection
no selection
disruptive selection

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

directional selection.

Q9. Fossils provide:

behavioral evidence
indirect only
no evidence
direct evidence of evolution

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

direct evidence of evolution.

Q10. Biogeography shows:

cell structure
genetic mapping
molecular data
geographic distribution patterns

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

geographic distribution patterns.

Q11. Bottleneck effect reduces:

mutation rate
population size only
genetic variation
migration

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

genetic variation.

Q12. Industrial melanism is:

no selection
directional selection example
stabilizing
disruptive

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

directional selection example.

Q13. Reproductive isolation leads to:

mutation
speciation
migration
extinction

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Evolution

Solution

speciation.

Q14. Homologous organs indicate:

Convergent evolution
Divergent evolution
Parallel evolution
No evolution

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Evidence of Evolution

Solution

Homologous organs (same origin, different function) indicate divergent evolution from a common ancestor.

Q15. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that allele frequencies:

decrease
remain constant if no evolution
increase
always change

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Evolution

Solution

remain constant if no evolution.

Q16. Genetic drift is significant in:

all equally
large populations
infinite populations
small populations

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Evolution

Solution

small populations.

Q17. Founder effect is a type of:

natural selection
genetic drift
recombination
mutation

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Evolution

Solution

genetic drift.

Q18. Speciation due to geographic isolation is:

parapatric speciation
none
allopatric speciation
sympatric speciation

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Evolution

Solution

allopatric speciation.

Q19. Adaptive radiation is:

devolution
extinction
convergent evolution
evolution of diverse species from common ancestor

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Evolution

Solution

evolution of diverse species from common ancestor.

Other Chapters in Biology

Ch 1: Reproduction in Organisms Ch 2: Sexual Reproduction in Plants Ch 3: Human Reproduction Ch 4: Reproductive Health Ch 5: Principles of Inheritance Ch 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Ch 8: Human Health & Disease Ch 9: Strategies for Enhancement Ch 10: Microbes in Human Welfare Ch 11: Biotechnology Principles Ch 12: Biotechnology Applications Ch 13: Organisms & Populations Ch 14: Ecosystem Ch 15: Biodiversity & Conservation Ch 16: Environmental Issues

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