Chapter 16: Environmental Issues
NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 10 Biology — 28 solved questions with detailed explanations.
Solved Questions
Q1. Eutrophication is caused by:
- Oil spills
- Excess nutrients (N and P)
- Heavy metals
- Radioactive waste
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Water Pollution
Solution
Eutrophication: excess nitrogen and phosphorus (from fertilizers, sewage) cause algal blooms, oxygen depletion, fish kills.
Q2. The greenhouse gas with the highest contribution to global warming is:
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Global Warming
Solution
CO₂ is the largest contributor to enhanced greenhouse effect (~60%) due to fossil fuel burning and deforestation.
Q3. The Montreal Protocol deals with:
- Greenhouse gas emissions
- Ozone-depleting substances
- Biodiversity conservation
- Hazardous waste
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Policies
Solution
Montreal Protocol (1987): international treaty to phase out ozone-depleting substances (CFCs, halons, etc.).
Q4. Organic farming avoids:
- synthetic fertilizers and pesticides
- sunlight
- water
- all chemicals
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
Q5. Chipko movement was for:
- dam building
- industrialization
- mining
- conservation of trees
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
conservation of trees.
Q6. Ozone (O₃) in the stratosphere:
- causes pollution
- increases temperature
- has no role
- protects from UV radiation
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
protects from UV radiation.
Q7. CFC stands for:
- Chlorine-free carbons
- none
- Carbon fluoride compounds
- Chlorofluorocarbons
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environment
Solution
Chlorofluorocarbons.
Q8. Greenhouse gases include:
- only N₂O
- only CH₄
- only CO₂
- CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CFCs
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environment
Solution
CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CFCs.
Q9. Kyoto Protocol deals with:
- ozone depletion
- biodiversity
- hazardous waste
- greenhouse gas reduction
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environment
Solution
greenhouse gas reduction.
Q10. CITES deals with:
- trade in endangered species
- pollution
- ozone
- climate change
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environment
Solution
trade in endangered species.
Q11. Ramsar Convention is about:
- desert conservation
- forest conservation
- ocean conservation
- wetland conservation
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environment
Solution
wetland conservation.
Q12. Chipko movement was started by:
- government
- foreigners
- industry
- local communities in Uttarakhand
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environment
Solution
local communities in Uttarakhand.
Q13. Joint Forest Management involves:
- only industry
- only government
- NGOs only
- local communities + government
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environment
Solution
local communities + government.
Q14. Bioremediation uses:
- chemicals
- physical methods
- incineration
- organisms to clean up pollution
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environment
Solution
organisms to clean up pollution.
Q15. PM10 are particles with diameter less than:
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Q16. PM2.5 are more dangerous because they:
- are harmless
- penetrate deep into lungs/blood
- are visible
- are larger
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
penetrate deep into lungs/blood.
Q17. Catalytic converter in vehicles converts:
- nothing
- fuel to CO₂
- water to H₂
- CO, NOx, hydrocarbons to CO₂, N₂, H₂O
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
CO, NOx, hydrocarbons to CO₂, N₂, H₂O.
Q18. E-waste contains:
- only plastic
- only paper
- only glass
- heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd)
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd).
Q19. Electrostatic precipitator removes:
- particulate matter from exhaust
- liquids
- radiation
- gases
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
particulate matter from exhaust.
Q20. Scrubber removes:
- radiation
- particulates
- heat
- gases like SO₂ using water/lime spray
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
gases like SO₂ using water/lime spray.
Q21. Integrated pest management uses:
- biological + chemical + cultural methods
- no methods
- only chemicals
- only biological
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
biological + chemical + cultural methods.
Q22. Jhum cultivation (slash and burn) causes:
- no damage
- deforestation and soil erosion
- more forests
- improved soil
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
deforestation and soil erosion.
Q23. Biodegradable waste includes:
- glass
- metals
- food waste, paper, cotton
- plastic
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
food waste, paper, cotton.
Q24. Non-biodegradable waste includes:
- food waste
- cotton
- paper
- plastic, glass, metals
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
plastic, glass, metals.
Q25. Biomagnification is increase of toxin concentration along:
- soil layers
- air current
- water flow
- food chain
Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Environmental Issues
Q26. Particulate matter less than 2.5 μm is called:
Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Environmental Issues
Q27. Integrated waste management includes:
- only dumping
- reduce, reuse, recycle
- only landfill
- only burning
Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
reduce, reuse, recycle.
Q28. Deforestation leads to:
- more rainfall
- cooler climate
- loss of biodiversity and soil erosion
- more oxygen
Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Environmental Issues
Solution
loss of biodiversity and soil erosion.
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