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Chapter 5: Morphology of Plants

NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 10 Biology — 29 solved questions with detailed explanations.

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Solved Questions

Q1. Tap root system is characteristic of:

Monocots
Dicots
Both
Gymnosperms only

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Root Systems

Solution

Dicots have a tap root system (one main root with lateral branches). Monocots have fibrous root system.

Q2. Phyllotaxy refers to the pattern of arrangement of:

Flowers on stem
Leaves on stem
Roots in soil
Seeds in fruit

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Leaf Arrangement

Solution

Phyllotaxy = arrangement of leaves on the stem/branch. Types: alternate, opposite, whorled.

Q3. Modified stem for food storage is:

tuber (e.g., potato)
flower
root
leaf

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

tuber (e.g., potato).

Q4. Thorns of Bougainvillea are modified:

stems
flowers
leaves
roots

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

stems.

Q5. Tendrils of pea are modified:

stems
flowers
roots
leaves

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

leaves.

Q6. Runners are:

aerial roots
underground stems
horizontal stems growing along ground
leaf modifications

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

horizontal stems growing along ground.

Q7. Taproot develops from:

plumule
radicle of embryo
hypocotyl
epicotyl

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

radicle of embryo.

Q8. Adventitious roots arise from:

only leaf
radicle
only stem
parts other than radicle

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

parts other than radicle.

Q9. Compound leaf has:

no petiole
single blade
no midrib
multiple leaflets on common axis

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

multiple leaflets on common axis.

Q10. Stipules are:

leaf tips
flower parts
root hairs
outgrowths at leaf base

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

outgrowths at leaf base.

Q11. Inflorescence is:

single flower
seed arrangement
fruit arrangement
arrangement of flowers on axis

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

arrangement of flowers on axis.

Q12. Raceme is an:

determinate
indeterminate inflorescence
mixed
no inflorescence

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

indeterminate inflorescence.

Q13. Cymose inflorescence is:

indeterminate
both
neither
determinate (central flower opens first)

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

determinate (central flower opens first).

Q14. Epigynous flower has:

superior ovary
inferior ovary
half-inferior
no ovary

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

inferior ovary.

Q15. Hypogynous flower has:

half-inferior
superior ovary
inferior ovary
no ovary

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

superior ovary.

Q16. Perigynous flower has:

no ovary
inferior
superior
half-inferior ovary

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

half-inferior ovary.

Q17. A placenta where ovules are attached to a central axis without septa is called:

Marginal
Axile
Free central
Basal

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Placentation

Solution

Free central placentation: ovules on central axis, septa absent (e.g., Dianthus, Primrose).

Q18. Pneumatophores are modified:

leaves
stems
flowers
roots for respiration

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

roots for respiration.

Q19. Rhizome is a:

root
flower stalk
underground horizontal stem
leaf base

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Morphology of Plants

Solution

underground horizontal stem.

Q20. Solanum (potato) belongs to family:

Solanaceae
Liliaceae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Poaceae (Gramineae)

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Solanum (potato) → Solanaceae. 5 petals, epipetalous stamens.

Q21. Datura belongs to family:

Liliaceae
Solanaceae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Poaceae (Gramineae)

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Datura → Solanaceae. 5 petals, epipetalous stamens.

Q22. Pisum (pea) belongs to family:

Poaceae (Gramineae)
Liliaceae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Solanaceae

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Pisum (pea) → Fabaceae (Leguminosae). papilionaceous corolla, legume fruit.

Q23. Glycine (soy) belongs to family:

Poaceae (Gramineae)
Solanaceae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Liliaceae

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Glycine (soy) → Fabaceae (Leguminosae). papilionaceous corolla, legume fruit.

Q24. Allium (onion) belongs to family:

Poaceae (Gramineae)
Solanaceae
Liliaceae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Allium (onion) → Liliaceae. 6 tepals, superior ovary.

Q25. Colchicum belongs to family:

Solanaceae
Liliaceae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Poaceae (Gramineae)

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Colchicum → Liliaceae. 6 tepals, superior ovary.

Q26. Oryza (rice) belongs to family:

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Poaceae (Gramineae)
Liliaceae
Solanaceae

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Oryza (rice) → Poaceae (Gramineae). hollow stem, caryopsis fruit.

Q27. Triticum (wheat) belongs to family:

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Poaceae (Gramineae)
Solanaceae
Liliaceae

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Triticum (wheat) → Poaceae (Gramineae). hollow stem, caryopsis fruit.

Q28. Brassica (mustard) belongs to family:

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Liliaceae
Solanaceae

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Brassica (mustard) → Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). 4 petals in cross, siliqua fruit.

Q29. Raphanus (radish) belongs to family:

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Solanaceae
Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)
Liliaceae

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Plant Families

Solution

Raphanus (radish) → Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). 4 petals in cross, siliqua fruit.

Other Chapters in Biology

Ch 1: The Living World Ch 2: Biological Classification Ch 3: Plant Kingdom Ch 4: Animal Kingdom Ch 6: Anatomy of Plants Ch 7: Structural Organisation in Animals Ch 8: Cell Unit of Life Ch 9: Biomolecules Ch 10: Cell Cycle Ch 11: Transport in Plants Ch 12: Mineral Nutrition Ch 13: Photosynthesis Ch 14: Respiration in Plants Ch 15: Plant Growth Ch 16: Digestion & Absorption Ch 17: Breathing & Gas Exchange Ch 18: Body Fluids & Circulation Ch 19: Excretory Products Ch 20: Locomotion & Movement Ch 21: Neural Control Ch 22: Chemical Coordination

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