Chapter 17: Breathing & Gas Exchange
NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 10 Biology — 16 solved questions with detailed explanations.
Solved Questions
Q1. The respiratory pigment in human blood is:
- Myoglobin
- Hemoglobin
- Hemocyanin
- Chlorophyll
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Gas Transport
Solution
Hemoglobin (Hb) in RBCs is the respiratory pigment. Each Hb molecule can carry 4 O₂ molecules.
Q2. The volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration is called:
- Tidal volume
- Residual volume
- Vital capacity
- Expiratory reserve
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Lung Volumes
Solution
Residual volume (RV) ≈ 1.2 L. Cannot be expelled even with maximum expiratory effort.
Q3. Total lung capacity = :
- VC only
- TV + IRV
- ERV + RV
- VC + RV
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Q4. Inspiration is due to:
- relaxation of diaphragm
- gravity
- passive process only
- contraction of diaphragm and intercostals
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Solution
contraction of diaphragm and intercostals.
Q5. Tidal volume is approximately:
- 1000 mL
- 100 mL
- 2500 mL
- 500 mL
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Q6. IRV is approximately:
- 100 mL
- 500 mL
- 1000 mL
- 2500-3000 mL
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Q7. ERV is approximately:
- 500 mL
- 100 mL
- 1000-1100 mL
- 2500 mL
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Q8. Residual volume is approximately:
- 2500 mL
- 1200 mL
- 500 mL
- 100 mL
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Q9. Oxygen is transported mainly by:
- platelets
- hemoglobin (97%) in RBCs
- dissolved in plasma
- WBCs
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Solution
hemoglobin (97%) in RBCs.
Q10. Each Hb molecule carries:
- 4 O₂ molecules
- 8 O₂
- 1 O₂
- 2 O₂
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Q11. Chloride shift occurs when:
- Na+ enters
- K+ leaves
- Cl⁻ enters RBC as HCO₃⁻ leaves
- Ca²+ enters
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Solution
Cl⁻ enters RBC as HCO₃⁻ leaves.
Q12. Carbonic anhydrase is found in:
- WBCs
- platelets
- plasma
- RBCs (converts CO₂+H₂O to H₂CO₃)
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Solution
RBCs (converts CO₂+H₂O to H₂CO₃).
Q13. Respiratory centre is located in:
- hypothalamus
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- medulla oblongata
Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Solution
medulla oblongata.
Q14. Vital capacity = :
- TV + RV
- TV + IRV + ERV
- IRV only
- TLC - RV
Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Q15. CO₂ is mainly transported in blood as:
- carbaminohemoglobin
- free CO₂
- dissolved CO₂
- bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻)
Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Solution
bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻).
Q16. The Bohr effect states that:
- increased CO₂ decreases O₂ affinity of Hb
- temperature has no effect
- increased O₂ increases CO₂ binding
- pH has no effect
Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Breathing & Gas Exchange
Solution
increased CO₂ decreases O₂ affinity of Hb.
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