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Chapter 12: Organic Chemistry

NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 10 Chemistry — 20 solved questions with detailed explanations.

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Solved Questions

Q1. The hybridization of carbon in ethene (C₂H₄) is:

sp
sp²
sp³
sp³d

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Hybridization

Solution

C₂H₄ has a C=C double bond. Each carbon is sp² hybridized with one unhybridized p orbital forming the π bond.

Q2. Isomers have the same:

structural formula
physical properties
molecular formula
chemical properties

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Organic Chemistry

Solution

molecular formula.

Q3. Homolytic fission produces:

ions
free radicals
atoms only
molecules

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Organic Chemistry

Solution

free radicals.

Q4. Heterolytic fission produces:

free radicals
atoms
ions (cation and anion)
neutral molecules

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Organic Chemistry

Solution

ions (cation and anion).

Q5. The inductive effect is a:

temporary effect
permanent effect
resonance effect
hyperconjugation

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Organic Chemistry

Solution

permanent effect.

Q6. +I groups:

have no effect
withdraw electrons
donate electrons through sigma bonds
donate through pi bonds

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Organic Chemistry

Solution

donate electrons through sigma bonds.

Q7. Electrophiles are:

electron-deficient species
radical species
electron-rich species
neutral always

Difficulty: Easy · Topic: Organic Chemistry

Solution

electron-deficient species.

Q8. The IUPAC name of CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ is:

2-methylbutane
3-methylbutane
2-ethylpropane
Isopentane

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: IUPAC Nomenclature

Solution

Longest chain: 4 carbons (butane). Methyl branch at C-2. IUPAC: 2-methylbutane.

Q9. Markovnikov's rule applies to the addition of HBr to:

Symmetrical alkenes
Unsymmetrical alkenes
Alkynes only
Aromatic compounds

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: Markovnikov's Rule

Solution

Markovnikov's rule: In addition of HX to unsymmetrical alkenes, H adds to the carbon with more H atoms.

Q10. IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CH₃:

Propane
Ethane
Pentane
Butane

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: IUPAC

Solution

CH₃CH₂CH₃ = Propane.

Q11. IUPAC name of CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃:

Pentane
3-Methylbutane
2-Ethylpropane
2-Methylbutane

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: IUPAC

Solution

CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ = 2-Methylbutane.

Q12. IUPAC name of CH₂=CH₂:

Propene
Ethene
Ethyne
Ethane

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: IUPAC

Solution

CH₂=CH₂ = Ethene.

Q13. IUPAC name of CH≡CH:

Ethene
Ethyne
Ethane
Propyne

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: IUPAC

Solution

CH≡CH = Ethyne.

Q14. IUPAC name of CH₃CHO:

Butanal
Methanal
Ethanal (Acetaldehyde)
Propanal

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: IUPAC

Solution

CH₃CHO = Ethanal (Acetaldehyde).

Q15. IUPAC name of CH₃COOH:

Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid
Ethanoic acid (Acetic acid)
Methanoic acid

Difficulty: Easy-Medium · Topic: IUPAC

Solution

CH₃COOH = Ethanoic acid (Acetic acid).

Q16. Number of structural isomers of C₄H₁₀ (butane):

2
1
3
4

Difficulty: Medium · Topic: Isomerism

Solution

C₄H₁₀ (butane) has 2 structural isomers.

Q17. Number of structural isomers of C₅H₁₂ (pentane):

4
3
5
2

Difficulty: Medium · Topic: Isomerism

Solution

C₅H₁₂ (pentane) has 3 structural isomers.

Q18. Number of structural isomers of C₆H₁₄ (hexane):

5
3
4
6

Difficulty: Medium · Topic: Isomerism

Solution

C₆H₁₄ (hexane) has 5 structural isomers.

Q19. Number of structural isomers of C₄H₉OH (butanol):

3
2
5
4

Difficulty: Medium · Topic: Isomerism

Solution

C₄H₉OH (butanol) has 4 structural isomers.

Q20. Number of structural isomers of C₃H₈O (propanol/ether):

2
4
1
3

Difficulty: Medium · Topic: Isomerism

Solution

C₃H₈O (propanol/ether) has 3 structural isomers.

Other Chapters in Chemistry

Ch 1: Some Basic Concepts Ch 2: Structure of Atom Ch 3: Classification of Elements Ch 4: Chemical Bonding Ch 5: States of Matter Ch 6: Thermodynamics Ch 7: Equilibrium Ch 8: Redox Reactions Ch 9: Hydrogen Ch 10: s-Block Elements Ch 11: p-Block Elements Ch 13: Hydrocarbons Ch 14: Environmental Chemistry

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